J Hematol

Journal of Hematology, ISSN 1927-1212 print, 1927-1220 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Hematol and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.thejh.org

Original Article

Volume 10, Number 4, August 2021, pages 171-177

Risk Factors in Hospitalized Patients for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia by Real World Database: A New Role for Primary Hypercoagulable States

**Table 1.** Univariate Analyses for Patients Without HIT Compared to Patients With HIT
Variable	Patients without HIT (N = 12,406)	Patients with HIT (N = 12,406)	P value
*P < 0.05 statistically significant. HIT: heparin-induced thrombocytopenia; AIDS: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Age	64.8 ± 15.5	64.8 ± 15.5	1.000
Gender - female	6,091 (49.1%)	6,091 (49.1%)	1.000
Obesity	1,590 (12.8%)	2,188 (17.6%)	< 0.0005*
Solid tumor without metastases	313 (2.5%)	438 (3.5%)	< 0.0005*
Metastatic cancer	309 (2.5%)	515 (4.2%)	< 0.0005*
Lymphoma	141 (1.1%)	130 (1.0%)	0.502
Uncomplicated diabetes	2,774 (22.4%)	3,205 (25.8%)	< 0.0005*
Diabetes with chronic complications	733 (5.9%)	1,280 (10.3%)	< 0.0005*
Drug abuse	523 (4.2%)	439 (3.5%)	0.006*
Renal failure	1,875 (15.1%)	4,152 (33.5%)	< 0.0005*
AIDS	35 (0.3%)	35 (0.3%)	1.000
Primary hypercoagulable states	39 (0.3%)	416 (3.4%)	< 0.0005*
Major surgery	2,992 (24.1%)	4,533 (36.5%)	< 0.0005*
Congestive heart failure	1,304 (10.5%)	2,560 (20.6%)	< 0.0005*
Autoimmune disease	256 (2.1%)	489 (3.9%)	< 0.0005*

Table 1. Univariate Analyses for Patients Without HIT Compared to Patients With HIT

Variable

Patients without HIT (N = 12,406)

Patients with HIT (N = 12,406)

P value

*P < 0.05 statistically significant. HIT: heparin-induced thrombocytopenia; AIDS: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Age

64.8 ± 15.5

1.000

Gender - female

6,091 (49.1%)

1.000

Obesity

1,590 (12.8%)

2,188 (17.6%)

< 0.0005*

Solid tumor without metastases

313 (2.5%)

438 (3.5%)

< 0.0005*

Metastatic cancer

309 (2.5%)

515 (4.2%)

< 0.0005*

Lymphoma

141 (1.1%)

130 (1.0%)

0.502

Uncomplicated diabetes

2,774 (22.4%)

3,205 (25.8%)

< 0.0005*

Diabetes with chronic complications

733 (5.9%)

1,280 (10.3%)

< 0.0005*

Drug abuse

523 (4.2%)

439 (3.5%)

0.006*

Renal failure

1,875 (15.1%)

4,152 (33.5%)

< 0.0005*

AIDS

35 (0.3%)

1.000

Primary hypercoagulable states

39 (0.3%)

416 (3.4%)

< 0.0005*

Major surgery

2,992 (24.1%)

4,533 (36.5%)

< 0.0005*

Congestive heart failure

1,304 (10.5%)

2,560 (20.6%)

< 0.0005*

Autoimmune disease

256 (2.1%)

489 (3.9%)

< 0.0005*

**Table 2.** Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis for Patients With HIT
Variable	Odds ratio	Lower 95% CI	Upper 95% CI	P value
*P < 0.05 statistically significant. HIT: heparin-induced thrombocytopenia; CI: confidence interval.
Obesity	1.377	1.276	1.486	< 0.0005*
Tumor	1.680	1.436	1.966	< 0.0005*
Metastatic cancer	1.900	1.628	2.217	< 0.0005*
Uncomplicated diabetes	1.183	1.109	1.263	< 0.0005*
Diabetes with chronic complications	1.326	1.192	1.474	< 0.0005*
Drug abuse	1.150	1.000	1.323	0.05*
Renal failure	2.670	2.497	2.856	< 0.0005*
Primary hypercoagulable state	11.338	8.104	15.863	< 0.0005*
Major surgery	2.100	1.978	2.229	< 0.0005*
Congestive heart failure	1.985	1.836	2.145	< 0.0005*
Autoimmune disease	1.753	1.484	2.072	< 0.0005*

Table 2. Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis for Patients With HIT

Variable

Odds ratio

Lower 95% CI

Upper 95% CI

P value

*P < 0.05 statistically significant. HIT: heparin-induced thrombocytopenia; CI: confidence interval.

Obesity

1.377

1.276

1.486

< 0.0005*

Tumor

1.680

1.436

1.966

< 0.0005*

Metastatic cancer

1.900

1.628

2.217

< 0.0005*

Uncomplicated diabetes

1.183

1.109

1.263

< 0.0005*

Diabetes with chronic complications

1.326

1.192

1.474

< 0.0005*

Drug abuse

1.150

1.000

1.323

0.05*

Renal failure

2.670

2.497

2.856

< 0.0005*

Primary hypercoagulable state

11.338

8.104

15.863

< 0.0005*

Major surgery

2.100

1.978

2.229

< 0.0005*

Congestive heart failure

1.985

1.836

2.145

< 0.0005*

Autoimmune disease

1.753

1.484

2.072

< 0.0005*

**Table 3.** Univariate Analyses for Patients With Primary Hypercoagulable States and No HIT Compared to Patients With Primary Hypercoagulable States and HIT
Variable	Patients with primary hypercoagulable states and no HIT (N = 416)	Patients with primary hypercoagulable states and HIT (N = 416)	P value
*P < 0.05 statistically significant. HIT: heparin-induced thrombocytopenia; AIDS: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; RA: rheumatoid arthritis.
Age	53.4 ± 16.6	53.4 ± 16.6	1.000
Gender - female	248 (59.6%)	248 (59.6%)	1.000
Obesity	66 (15.9%)	75 (18.0%)	0.460
Solid tumor without metastases	4 (1.0%)	12 (2.9%)	0.074
Metastatic cancer	10 (2.4%)	17 (4.1%)	0.240
Lymphoma	6 (1.4%)	3 (0.7%)	0.505
Uncomplicated diabetes	70 (16.8%)	89 (21.4%)	0.112
Diabetes with chronic complications	13 (3.1%)	28 (6.7%)	0.024*
Drug abuse	21 (5.0%)	19 (4.6%)	0.872
Renal failure	45 (10.8%)	123 (29.6%)	< 0.0005*
AIDS	0.0 (0.0%)	0.0 (0.0%)	N/A
Major surgery	119 (28.6%)	161 (38.7%)	0.003*
Congestive heart failure	15 (3.6%)	64 (15.4%)	< 0.0005*
Autoimmune disease (SLE, RA)	46 (11.1%)	78 (18.8%)	0.002*

Table 3. Univariate Analyses for Patients With Primary Hypercoagulable States and No HIT Compared to Patients With Primary Hypercoagulable States and HIT

Variable

Patients with primary hypercoagulable states and no HIT (N = 416)

Patients with primary hypercoagulable states and HIT (N = 416)

P value

*P < 0.05 statistically significant. HIT: heparin-induced thrombocytopenia; AIDS: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; RA: rheumatoid arthritis.

Age

53.4 ± 16.6

1.000

Gender - female

248 (59.6%)

1.000

Obesity

66 (15.9%)

75 (18.0%)

0.460

Solid tumor without metastases

4 (1.0%)

12 (2.9%)

0.074

Metastatic cancer

10 (2.4%)

17 (4.1%)

0.240

Lymphoma

6 (1.4%)

3 (0.7%)

0.505

Uncomplicated diabetes

70 (16.8%)

89 (21.4%)

0.112

Diabetes with chronic complications

13 (3.1%)

28 (6.7%)

0.024*

Drug abuse

21 (5.0%)

19 (4.6%)

0.872

Renal failure

45 (10.8%)

123 (29.6%)

< 0.0005*

AIDS

0.0 (0.0%)

N/A

Major surgery

119 (28.6%)

161 (38.7%)

0.003*

Congestive heart failure

15 (3.6%)

64 (15.4%)

< 0.0005*

Autoimmune disease (SLE, RA)

46 (11.1%)

78 (18.8%)

0.002*

**Table 4.** Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis for Patients With HIT and Primary Hypercoagulable States
Variable	Odds ratio	Lower 95% CI	Upper 95% CI	P value
*P < 0.05 statistically significant. HIT: heparin-induced thrombocytopenia; CI: confidence interval.
Diabetes with chronic complications	1.561	0.753	3.235	0.231
Renal failure	2.955	1.994	4.380	< 0.0005*
Major surgery	1.735	1.275	2.361	< 0.0005*
Congestive heart failure	4.497	2.466	8.202	< 0.0005*
Autoimmune disease	1.712	1.120	2.618	0.013*

Table 4. Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis for Patients With HIT and Primary Hypercoagulable States

Variable

Odds ratio

Lower 95% CI

Upper 95% CI

P value

*P < 0.05 statistically significant. HIT: heparin-induced thrombocytopenia; CI: confidence interval.

Diabetes with chronic complications

1.561

0.753

3.235

0.231

Renal failure

2.955

1.994

4.380

< 0.0005*

Major surgery

1.735

1.275

2.361

< 0.0005*

Congestive heart failure

4.497

2.466

8.202

< 0.0005*

Autoimmune disease

1.712

1.120

2.618

0.013*