Journal of Hematology, ISSN 1927-1212 print, 1927-1220 online, Open Access
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Short Communication

Volume 10, Number 3, June 2021, pages 123-129

A Description of the Type, Frequency and Severity of Infections Among Sixteen Patients Treated for T-Cell Lymphoma

Tables

Table 1. Case Reports of Infections in Patients With T-Cell Lymphoma
 
Reference, yearTypes of lymphomaOrganisms reportedClinical details
HTLV-1: human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1.
Bacterial infections
  Fouillet (2018) [4]Peripheral T-cell lymphomaEnterococcus faecalis, Strongyloides stercoralisEnterococcus faecalis meningitis, disseminated strongyloides. Patient died of secondary refractory status epilepticus.
  Oeser (2015) [5]Cutaneous T-cell lymphomaMycoplasma pneumoniaePneumonia. Patient recovered.
  Umeh (2004) [6]Cutaneous T-cell lymphomaCorynebacterium jeikeiumSepsis following experimental treatment with 8-methoxypsoralen photopheresis. Patient recovered.
  Tauro (2000) [7]Unspecified T-cell lymphomaStreptococcus pneumoniaeRecurrent pneumococcal sepsis following splenectomy and bone marrow transplant. Patient recovered.
Mycobacterial infections
  Holik (2017) [8]Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomaMycobacterium gordonae
  Wekken (2016) [9]Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specifiedMycobacterium chelonaeDisseminated infection, isolated in blood cultures.
  Numbi (2014) [10]Peripheral T-cell lymphomaMycobacterium genavenseRecurrent peripheral T-cell lymphoma and immunosuppressive therapy for seronegative arthropathy.
  Artacho-Reinoso (2014) [11]Lymphoblastic T-cell lymphomaMycobacterium fortuitumUrinary tract.
Viral infections
  Nair (2011) [12]Peripheral T-cell lymphomaHerpes zosterDisseminated - cutaneous, chorioretinitis. Patient died of progressive lymphoma.
  Imafuku (2007) [13]Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomaVaricella zosterDisseminated cutaneous. Patient recovered.
  Saito (2006) [14]T-cell lymphoma - unspecifiedCytomegalovirusCutaneous, possible respiratory. Patient died of pneumonia.
Fungal infections
  Prakash (2017) [15]Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomaAspergillus fumigatusEndophthalmitis. Patient died of fungal sepsis.
  Tisi (2016) [16]T-cell lymphoblastic lymphomaMucormycosisCentral nervous system involvement. Patient died.
  Khan (2012) [17]T-cell lymphoma - unspecifiedMucormycosisPalatal involvement.
  Powel (2012) [18]Unspecified T-cell lymphomaCryptococcus uzbekistanensisBone marrow infection
  Garcia-Noblejas (2011) [19]Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomaPneumocystis jirovecii, cytomegalovirusPneumonia. Patient died of infection.
  Hsu (2006) [20]Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides)Fusarium spp.Cutaneous involvement. Patient recovered.
  Poonawalla (2006) [21]Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides)CoccidioidomycosisCutaneous and nodal involvement.
Parasitic infections
  Abdelrahman (2012) [22]Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomaStrongyloides stercoralisDisseminated Strongyloidiasis bacteremia. Patient died of infection
  Stewart (2011) [23]HTLV-1-associated adult T-cell leukemia/lymphomaStrongyloides stercoralisDisseminated - bowel, lung, skin. Patient recovered.
  Isotalo (2000) [24]HTLV-1-associated adult T-cell leukemia/lymphomaStrongyloides stercoralis, Giardia lamblia.Gastrointestinal involvement. Patient recovered.

 

Table 2. Demographics and Clinical Features at Study Entry (n = 16)
 
DemographicsNumber (percentage)
Data are presented as median/IQR or number and percentage as appropriate. IQR: interquartile range; T-NHL: T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma; ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; PTCL-NOS: peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified; CHOP: cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine prednisolone; ABVD: doxorubicin, belomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine; PVM: procarbazine, vincristine, methotrexate; ESHAC: etoposide, carboplatin, cytarabine, methylprednisolone; IVAC: ifosfamide, etoposide, cytarabine; G-CSF: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.
Age (years)59 (IQR 53 - 71)
Sex
  Male10 (62)
Country of birth
  Australia6 (37)
  Europe4 (25)
  Asia5 (31)
  Oceania1 (6)
Charlson Comorbidity Index
  1 - 23 (19)
  3 - 47 (44)
  5 - 76 (37)
International Prognostic Index
  04 (25.0)
  13 (18.8)
  23 (18.8)
  34 (25.0)
  41 (6.3)
  51 (6.3)
Classification of T-NHL
  Peripheral T cell - PTCL-NOS5 (31.3)
  Angioimmunoblastic T cell4 (25.0)
  Anaplastic large cell4 (25.0)
  Enteropathy associated TCL2 (12.5)
Stage
  I0 (0.0)
  II4 (24.0)
  III3 (18.8)
  IV9 (56.3)
ECOG performance status point scale
  04 (25.0)
  18 (50.0)
  23 (18.8)
  31 (6.3)
Types of chemotherapy
  First line14 (87.5)
    CHOP + variants13 (81.3)
    Other3 (18.9)
  Second line4 (25.0)
    ESHAC3 (18.8)
    IVAC1 (6.3)
    Brentuximab1 (6.3)
    Bortezomib1 (6.3)
    Romidepsin1 (6.3)
    Azacitidine1 (6.3)
G-CSF prophylaxis
  Received6 (37.5)

 

Table 3. Microbiologically Proven Infections in a Case Series of Patients With T-Cell Lymphoma (n = 16)
 
OrganismNumberSite
MRSA: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; BAL: bronchoalveolar lavage; MCS: microscopy, culture and sensitivity; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; CMV: cytomegalovirus.
Bacterial (Gram-positive)
  Staphylococcus aureus4Wound swab (4), BAL (1), blood culture (1)
  Streptococcus pyogenes1Blood culture
  Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus1Blood culture
  Enterococcus faecium1Blood culture
Bacterial (Gram-negative)
  Pseudomonas aeruginosa2Wound swab, urine MCS
  Proteus mirabilis1Blood culture
  Morganella morganii1Blood culture, urine MCS
  Klebsiella pneumoniae1Sputum MCS
  Enterobacter cloacae1Wound swab
Viral
  Picornavirus1Nasopharyngeal aspirate
  CMV1Serum PCR
  Influenza1BAL
Fungal
  Candida spp.3Liver biopsy (2), blood culture
  Aspergillus fumigatus2BAL, sputum MCS