J Hematol

Journal of Hematology, ISSN 1927-1212 print, 1927-1220 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Hematol and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.thejh.org

Original Article

Volume 7, Number 2, May 2018, pages 62-68

Protein C and Anti-Thrombin-III Deficiency in Children With Beta-Thalassemia

**Table 1.** Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Thalassemia Patients Group
Data	Patients (N = 60), no. (%)
Data are expressed as mean ± SD, median (min. - max). INR: international normalized ratio.
Age
Median (min. - max.)	9.12 (2.50 - 17.00)
≤ 10 years	43 (71.7%)
> 10 years	17 (28.3%)
Sex
Male	28 (46.7%)
Female	32 (53.3%)
Type of β-thalassemia
β-thalassemia major	35 (58.3%)
β-thalassemia intermedia	25 (41.7%)
Splenectomy
Yes	30 (50%)
No	30 (50%)
Albumin, g/dL	4.5 ± 0.41
INR	1.2 ± 0.22
Sr. creatinine, mg/dL	0.51 ± 0.15
Sr. ferritin, ng/mL	992 (134 - 9,267)
No. of patient, ferritin < 1,000 ng/mL	32
No. of patient, ferritin≥ 1,000 ng/mL	28
Protein C, %	82.50 (32 - 175)
Anti-thrombin III, mg/L	237.52 ± 53.19

Table 1. Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Thalassemia Patients Group

Data

Patients (N = 60), no. (%)

Data are expressed as mean ± SD, median (min. - max). INR: international normalized ratio.

Age

Median (min. - max.)

9.12 (2.50 - 17.00)

≤ 10 years

43 (71.7%)

> 10 years

17 (28.3%)

Sex

Male

28 (46.7%)

Female

32 (53.3%)

Type of β-thalassemia

β-thalassemia major

35 (58.3%)

β-thalassemia intermedia

25 (41.7%)

Splenectomy

Yes

30 (50%)

Albumin, g/dL

4.5 ± 0.41

INR

1.2 ± 0.22

Sr. creatinine, mg/dL

0.51 ± 0.15

Sr. ferritin, ng/mL

992 (134 - 9,267)

No. of patient, ferritin < 1,000 ng/mL

No. of patient, ferritin≥ 1,000 ng/mL

Protein C, %

82.50 (32 - 175)

Anti-thrombin III, mg/L

237.52 ± 53.19

**Table 2.** Protein C and AT-III in Both Patients and Healthy Groups
Natural anticoagulant	Patients (N = 60)	Healthy children (N = 35)	P value
Data are expressed as mean ± SD, median (min. - max.) or number and %. *Means statistically significant. AT-III: anti-thrombin III.
Protein C
N (72-160%)	82.50 (32 - 175)	104 (60 - 204)	0.041*
Low (≤ 72%)	13 (21.7%)	2 (5.7%)	0.04*
Normal (> 72%)	47 (78.3%)	33 (94.3%)
AT-III
N (200 - 400 mg/L)	237.52 ± 53.19	322.99 ± 56.57	≤ 0.001*
Low (≤ 200 mg/L)	12 (20.0%)	0 (0%)	0.005*
Normal (> 200 mg/L)	48 (80.0%)	35 (100%)

Table 2. Protein C and AT-III in Both Patients and Healthy Groups

Natural anticoagulant

Patients (N = 60)

Healthy children (N = 35)

P value

Data are expressed as mean ± SD, median (min. - max.) or number and %. *Means statistically significant. AT-III: anti-thrombin III.

Protein C

N (72-160%)

82.50 (32 - 175)

104 (60 - 204)

0.041*

Low (≤ 72%)

13 (21.7%)

2 (5.7%)

0.04*

Normal (> 72%)

47 (78.3%)

33 (94.3%)

AT-III

N (200 - 400 mg/L)

237.52 ± 53.19

322.99 ± 56.57

≤ 0.001*

Low (≤ 200 mg/L)

12 (20.0%)

0 (0%)

0.005*

Normal (> 200 mg/L)

48 (80.0%)

35 (100%)

**Table 3.** Protein C and AT-III in Comparison to Other Clinical Laboratory Criteria
Criteria	No. of patients	Protein C, %	P value	AT-III, mg/L	P value
*P value is significant. Data are expressed as median (min. - max.) and mean ± SD.
Sex			0.41		0.15
Male	28	86.5 (32 - 175)		226.84 ± 58.92
Female	32	82 (36 - 132)		246.24 ± 46.24
Age			0.02*		0.64
≤ 10 years	31	95(32 - 175)		240.28 ± 46.48
> 10 years	29	75 (50 - 133)		233.88 ± 59.82
Thalassemia subtype			0.59		0.21
β-thalassemia major	35	81 (32 - 167)		229.97 ± 51.21
β-thalassemia intermedia	25	83 (36 - 175)		247.30 ± 54.80
Splenectomy			0.011*		0.04*
Yes	30	75 (32 - 131)		223.53 ± 61.09
No	30	97.5 (36 - 175)		250.84 ± 39.93
Ferritin (ng/mL)			0.78		0.56
< 1,000	32	90.5 (32 - 175)		240.95 ± 47.32
≥ 1,000	28	77 (36 - 165)		232.89 ± 59.39

Table 3. Protein C and AT-III in Comparison to Other Clinical Laboratory Criteria

Criteria

No. of patients

Protein C, %

P value

AT-III, mg/L

P value

*P value is significant. Data are expressed as median (min. - max.) and mean ± SD.

Sex

0.41

0.15

Male

86.5 (32 - 175)

226.84 ± 58.92

Female

82 (36 - 132)

246.24 ± 46.24

Age

0.02*

0.64

≤ 10 years

95(32 - 175)

240.28 ± 46.48

> 10 years

75 (50 - 133)

233.88 ± 59.82

Thalassemia subtype

0.59

0.21

β-thalassemia major

81 (32 - 167)

229.97 ± 51.21

β-thalassemia intermedia

83 (36 - 175)

247.30 ± 54.80

Splenectomy

0.011*

0.04*

Yes

75 (32 - 131)

223.53 ± 61.09

97.5 (36 - 175)

250.84 ± 39.93

Ferritin (ng/mL)

0.78

0.56

< 1,000

90.5 (32 - 175)

240.95 ± 47.32

≥ 1,000

77 (36 - 165)

232.89 ± 59.39

**Table 4.** Correlation Between Protein C, AT-III and Different Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of the Patients Group
Laboratory criteria	Protein C	AT-III
Pearson correlation was used to correlate parametric data, while Spearman correlation was used to correlate non-parametric data. *P value is significant.
Age/years	-0.352	0.006*	-0.274	0.034*
Duration/years	-0.399	0.002*	-0.376	0.003*
SGOT, U/L	-0.164	0.211	-0.429	0.001*
SGPT, U/L	-0.264	0.041*	-0.385	0.002*
Albumin, g/dL	0.278	0.032*	0.355	0.005*
STB, mg/dL	-0.275	0.033*	-0.221	0.089
SDB, mg/dL	-0.239	0.066	-0.313	0.015*
INR	-0.272	0.036*	-0.420	0.001*
Ferritin, ng/mL	-0.168	0.801	-0.141	0.281

Table 4. Correlation Between Protein C, AT-III and Different Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of the Patients Group

Laboratory criteria

Protein C

AT-III

Pearson correlation was used to correlate parametric data, while Spearman correlation was used to correlate non-parametric data. *P value is significant.

Age/years

-0.352

0.006*

-0.274

0.034*

Duration/years

-0.399

0.002*

-0.376

0.003*

SGOT, U/L

-0.164

0.211

-0.429

0.001*

SGPT, U/L

-0.264

0.041*

-0.385

0.002*

Albumin, g/dL

0.278

0.032*

0.355

0.005*

STB, mg/dL

-0.275

0.033*

-0.221

0.089

SDB, mg/dL

-0.239

0.066

-0.313

0.015*

INR

-0.272

0.036*

-0.420

0.001*

Ferritin, ng/mL

-0.168

0.801

-0.141

0.281